How to Draw Foundation Plan for a Small House

Appendices

Calculations to bank check whether a proposed site will back up a building

If there is dubiety whether the soil at a proposed site will support a edifice (see page eighteen) it may exist necessary to gauge both the weight of the planned building and the weight-bearing chapters of the soil. This department contains stride-by-footstep directions and tables for both these estimates.

IMPORTANT Note: The weight of a planned building cannot exist estimated until the builders have decided:

• its size and shape;

• what its walls will be made of and how thick they will exist;

• what kind of roof information technology will take.

Calculating A BUILDING'South WEIGHT PER SQUARE METER

Several calculations must be made to estimate a building'south weight per square meter. For the purposes of estimation, figure that:

Equation 1.

Weight per foursquare meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported past longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall (m)

To find the weight per square meter, therefore, the planner first needs to determine each of the three items on the right side of Equation i. Follow these steps:

STEP 1. Enter the planned length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation 1.

STEP 2. Summate the weight of the longest wall.

Equation 1.

(a) Use the post-obit equation to determine the weight of the longest wall:

Equation 2

(b) Use Table A to find the weight per sq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness of the material with which the building's walls volition be built.

Table A
wall material	kg/sq. meter per centimeter wall thickness
concrete block	90
stabilized earth	125
sand-cement block	75
adobe	125
stone/rock	150

(c) Multiply the number y'all find in Table A by the thickness of the building'south walls. The consequence will

be the weight of 1 sq. meter of wall; enter it in the right place in Equation two:

Equation two

(d) Adjacent, multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its height. The respond will be the number of sq. meters in the wall. Enter this effigy in the right place in Equation

Equation ii

(e) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you lot accept entered in Equation two in steps 2(c) and two(d).

Step 3. Judge the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall.

Equation 1

(a) Use the following equation to estimate the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall:

Equation3

(b) Utilize Table 8 to find the estimated weight of the roof per sq. meter. If you are in doubt about the roof-style planned, utilise the figure on the table for flat roofs. Enter the figure you lot find in Table B in Equation 3:

Table B
Roof style	Roof load per sq. m
pitched	170 kg
flat	190 kg

Equation 3

Weight of roof supported past longest wall = weight of roof per sq. meter � number of sq. meters in roof

(c) Next, multiply the length of the roof past its width. If the roof has not been planned yet, assume that it will exist 1 meter longer and 1 meter wider than the building. The respond will be the number of foursquare meters in the roof. Enter this figure in the correct place in Equation iii:

Equation 3

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures you have entered in Equation three in steps 3(b) and 3(c).

STEP four. Enter the figures you calculated in steps ane, ate), and 3(c) in Equation 1, and summate the weight of the building per square meter:

Equation 1

STEP 5. Finally, compare the building'due south weight per square meter with the weight - bearing capacity of the soil at the site indicated in Table C.

Table C
Type of soil	Weight-bearing chapters (kg/sq.thou)
Soft, black, drained marsh, or "fill up"	4,900 - ten,000
Gravel, sand	29,400
Hard - packed clay	58,800
Rock	156,000

Weight per square meter

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF A Edifice'S WEIGHT PER Foursquare METER

Hither is a footstep-past-step sample of how the weight of a edifice would be estimated, following the procedure outlined on pages 202-205.

Assume that the edifice pictured above is planned to be 7.v meters long and two.4 meters high along its longest wall; presume as well that the walls will be made of 20cm thick sand-cement blocks, and that the roof will be 8.7 meters long and 3 meters wide, with a pitched design. If the site selected for the building is soft, dark soil that can support 4,900 kg/sq. meter, can the edifice be constructed as planned?

Here are the calculations:

Equation 1

Weight per square meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported by longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall

STEP 1. Enter the length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation 1

Stride ii. Calculate the weight of the longest wall.

(a) Use Equation 2:

(b) Use Table A, folio 203, to discover the wall'due south weight per square meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

The edifice's walls will be made of sand-cement blocks which Tabular array A says weigh 75 kg/aq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

(c) Multiply the figure you discover in Tabular array A by the thickness of the building's walls. The result volition exist the weight of 1 square meter of wall. Enter this answer in the correct identify in Equation 2.

The sand-cement blocks that will be used volition be 20cm thick. So a wall made of these blocks will counterbalance 75 kg/sq. meter x 20cm thick = 1500 kg/foursquare meter.

Entering this reply in Equation ii:

(d) Multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its elevation and enter the consequence in the correct place in Equation 2.

The longest wall of the edifice will be 7.5 meters long and ii.4 meters loftier. vii.v x 2.four = 18 square meters.

Inbound this answer in Equation 2:

(eastward) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you have entered in Equation ii in steps 2(c) and 2(d).

1500 kg/sq. meter 10 eighteen sq. meters = 27,000 kg. Inbound this event in Equation 1:

STEP 3. Gauge the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall.

(a) Use Equation three:

Equation 3

(b) Use Tabular array B. page 204, to find the estimated weight of the roof per square meter. Enter this figure in the right place in Equation 3.

The roof is planned with a pitched roof that Table B says will weigh nearly 170 kg/sq. meter.

Entering this reply in Equation 3:

(c) Multiply the length of the roof by its height to detect the number of foursquare meters of roof space planned. Enter this figure In the correct identify in Equation 3.

The roof is planned to be 3 meters broad and eight.7 meters long. am 10 8.7m = 26.one foursquare meters.

Entering this answer in Equation 3:

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures y'all have entered in Equation 3 in steps 3(b) and 3(c).

170 kg/sq. meter 10 26.1 sq. meters = 4,437 kg. Entering this event in Equation i:

STEP 4. Calculate the weight of the building per square meter, using the figures you calculated in steps i, 2(e), and 3(c) and Equation 1.

The building will counterbalance approximately four,191 kg/sq. meter.

STEP 5. Compare the building's estimated weight/square meter with the weight-bearing capacity of the soil at the site. Employ Table C, folio 205.

According to Table C, the weight-begetting capacity of the soft, night soil at this site is 4,900 kg/sq. meter. Since this building will counterbalance just 4,191 kg/sq. meter, the building can exist built safely at this site.

To determine whether the soil at any proposed site volition support a planned edifice, all the builder needs to do is substitute the figures for his/her building and site in the stride-by-footstep equations on pages 202-205, as shown.

Step-by-step directions for drawing foundation plans

Two kinds of drawings are important aids to help the field worker and community members visualize their foundation plans and check their progress during construction:

• a cantankerous-section view of the ground and foundation wall; and

• a view from above of the footing and foundation wall measurements.

When a community grouping is ready to begin structure of the foundation, information technology'south a skillful idea to help them build a small sit-in section of ground and foundation wall that they can utilize along with these drawings to check their progress. The demonstration section volition assistance anybody see what they have planned to do; at the same time, it will give them practice in the construction techniques and skills they must use on the actual foundation.

Cartoon A CROSS-Department VIEW OF THE FOUNDATION

Drawing a cantankerous-section view of the foundation is simple. Here are examples of a cross-section for a rock foundation and for a block foundation wall. Both drawings testify concrete footings as well:

Rock foundation wall

Cartoon FOOTING AND FOUNDATION MEASUREMENTS (VIEW FROM ABOVE)

Cartoon the foundation measurements equally they would look from to a higher place is likewise elementary.

Here are step-by-step instructions for drawing the foundation measurements of a sample building:

1. Describe a solid line representing the exterior dimensions of the walls of the building, This line will also represent the outside dimensions of the foundation wall.

Exterior wall

2. Draw a second solid line within the start i to represent the inside dimensions of the building's walls. This line will also correspond the within dimensions of the foundation wall. The space betwixt the ii lines should be exactly the width of the planned walls to scale.

The infinite between the two lines

three. Subtract the width of the wall from the planned width of the foundation footing. Divide the remainder in two and convert the answer into the calibration dimension being used in the drawing. This figure represents the distance betwixt the inner side of the wall and the inner side of the foundation basis.

four. Draw a dotted line inside the cartoon of the walls. This line represents the inner dimension of the basis. The infinite between information technology and the inside solid line (step #2) should be exactly the altitude calculated in step #3.

Within edge of basis

v. Depict a dotted line outside the drawing of the walls. This line represents the outer dimension of the footing. The space between it and the outside solid line (step #ane) should be exactly the altitude calculated in step #3.

With of footing

half-dozen. On either side of the drawing'south length, add a solid line exactly equally long as the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

7. On either side of the cartoon's width, add a solid line exactly as long every bit the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

Length and weight

8. Place a mark along each line from steps #half dozen-7 wherever the outer wall turns a corner. Indicate the actual length of each straight section of wall.

Place a mark along each line

9. Exterior the lines drawn in steps #6-7, draw two more solid lines exactly every bit long every bit the length and width of the outer dotted line. Mark these lines to indicate the actual length of each straight department of foundation footing.

x. Underneath the completed drawing, write downwards what the footing and foundation wall will exist made of and their cross-section dimensions.

11. The completed drawing is an actual calibration drawing showing the trenches that must be dug for the footing and the dimensions of the foundation walls.

Complet foundation plans

Estimating the amount of physical needed for a floor

To estimate the corporeality of physical needed for a floor, use the following equation and tabular array:

Equation

Tabular array. SUGGESTED THICKNESS OF CONCRETE FLOORS

Purpose of Floor	Thickness (m)
School, Clinic, House	.100
Garage (for vehicles)	.125
Farm storage (heavy equipment)	.150

STEP 1. Find the thickness of the physical layer that should exist used for your building in the table, Enter this effigy in the Equation:

STEP ii, Multiply the length of your edifice by its width to detect out what floor space it will take. Enter this figure in the Equation:

STEP two. Multiply the length of your edifice by its width to detect out what floor space it will have. Enter this figure in the Equation:

Cubic meters of concrete needed for floor = thickness of concrete layer (m) 10 floor area (sq. meters)

Figure

In cases where the edifice will non exist a simple rectangle, the total floor expanse can be adamant by multiplying the length and width of each separate room and then adding the areas of all rooms together.

Sample Calculation:

Floor area Room one	= 2m 10 2.0m	= 4.0 sq. m
Floor area Room 2	= 1m 10 1.5m	= one.v sq. 1000
Floor expanse Room 3	= 1m 10 1.0m	= one.0 sq. one thousand
Total Flooring Area		= 6.5 sq. m

In round buildings, the floor area will be the radius of the edifice squared times 3.14. The radius is the distance from the outside of a circle to its center.

Sample Adding:

Floor Area	= Radius (2m) ten Radius (2m) x 3.fourteen
	= 4 sq. meters x iii.14
	= 12.56 sq. meters

Calculation area

STEP 3. Enter the answers you constitute in steps 1 and 2 in the Equation and multiply them. The reply volition represent the number of cubic meters of concrete that must be purchased or made for the floor.

Sample Calculation (using figures for round dispensary shown above)

Cubic meters of concrete needed for flooring	= thickness of concrete layer (m) � floor surface area (sq. meters )
	= .10m ten 12.56 sq. meters
	= ane.256 cubic meters

Estimating materials needed to build walls

This section gives step-by-step directions for calculating the materials needed to build three types of wall: poured concrete, rammed earth, and brick/block.

POURED CONCRETE AND RAMMED World

To make up one's mind how much poured concrete or rammed earth he/she needs, the builder must calculate how many cubic meters of fabric it will have to "fill" the wall infinite.

Use the following equation:

Equation .

Cubic meters of material needed for one wall = thickness of wall (meters) � wall expanse (sq. meters)

Poured concrete / rammed earth grade

STEP 1. Decide how thick the wall will be (run across folio 34 for a discussion of what to consider when planning wall thickness}. Enter this figure in the correct part of the equation.

STEP 2. Calculate the wall area in foursquare meters by multiplying the wall'due south length by its width.

STEP 3. Multiply the answers you plant in steps 1 and 2. The upshot will exist the cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth yous will need to build that one wall.

STEP 4. Repeat steps i through iii for each wall of the edifice.

Footstep v. Add the cubic meters of physical or rammed globe needed for all the walls of the building. The result will be the total number of cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth you will need for the edifice.

Calculating Numberless of Cement Needed for a Physical Wall

Builders who program to purchase the cement for their concrete need to know how many sacks or bags of cement to buy. Once you have determined how many cubic meters of concrete you will need, finding the number of bags of cement is piece of cake: merely look the answer upwardly in Table 3, in Appendix four (page 222). To employ the table, commencement, find the concrete mixture you plan to use. In the case of walls, the mixture would be one:ii 3/4 :4 The table volition then tell you how many cubic meters of physical you volition get from 1 sack of cement. Divide the number of cubic meters of concrete you plan to apply by the amount you would get from i sack. The reply will be the number of sacks of cement you need to buy.

Calculating Wheelbarrowsful of Rammed Globe or Concrete Needed

Many builders want to know how many wheelbarrows total of concrete or rammed earth they must bring to the construction site for wall construction: this information gives them an idea of how much work will be involved.

The number of wheelbarrowsful needed can be estimated by following these steps:

• Build a form exactly 1 cubic meter in size and count how many wheelbarrowsful of rammed earth or concrete it takes to make full the class.

• Multiply this number by the total cubic meters of fabric that are needed for structure (from Pace 5, page 216). Your reply volition tell yous how many wheelbarrowsful are needed.

Cake AND BRICK WALLS

To estimate the number of blocks or bricks needed to build a wall, follow these steps:

Pace 1. Calculate the wall area in square meters past multiplying the wall'due south length by its width.

Footstep 2. Annotation down the nominal size of the block face. The nominal face of a block is the height and length of the block surface visible in the wall after the block is laid.

Block and brick walls

Pace three. Employ the table below to observe how many blocks or bricks of the size you plan to use are needed to build ane square meter of wall surface.

APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF BLOCKS OR BRICKS REQUIRED TO BUILLD 1 SQUARE METER WALL SURFACE

Nominal Size of Face (cm)	Number of Blocks or Bricks Needed
seven,5 10 20	65
10.0 x 30	32,5
13.25 x 30	25
15,0 x thirty	22
20,0 x 30	sixteen,5
15,0 x xl	xvi,five
20.0 x 40	12,5
15,0 x 60	eleven

STEP iv. Multiply the number you found in the table by the number of square meters of wall surface you found in step i, The effect will be the approximative number of blocks or bricks needed to build the wall,

Sample Adding:

How many blocks would it take to build a wall with 17 foursquare meters surface area using blocks with a nominal face 15cm x 30cm?

The table shows that 22 15cm x 30cm blocks are needed to build i square meter of wall area.

17 sq. meters x 22 blocks/sq. meter = 374 blocks

STEP 5. Repeat steps one through 4 for each wall of the edifice and add together the results. The total will represent the number of blocks or bricks you must purchase or make for the walls.

Note: Any estimate of the number of blocks/bricks needed for a building'south walls arrived at through this method volition include actress blocks, since the space taken past window and door openings is treated as though it were filled in with blocks. By and large information technology is a practiced idea to buy or make these extra blocks. This will give you lot a margin of error for wasted or broken blocks.

Calculating Mortar Quantities

The amount of mortar needed to bond the blocks/bricks for a building depends on the number of blocks/bricks and their size. To calculate the corporeality of mortar needed for lam thick mortar joints, follow these steps:

• Divide the number of blocks needed for the building by 100, For example, if the edifice requires 1,536 blocks, 1536 . 100 = fifteen.36.

• Employ the table below to detect the cubic meters of mortar needed to lay 100 blocks. For case, if the nominal size of the blocks used will be 10cm x 20cm x 40cm, .073 cubic meters of mortar would be needed to lay every 100 blocks.

• Multiply the answers found in the above steps. For case, if one,536 blocks of nominal size 10cm x 20cm x 40cm are needed for a building'southward walls, multiply 15.36 x .073. 15.36 x .073 = 1.12 cubic meters of mortar. Tabular array 7 in Appendix 5 (page 224) may be used to make up one's mind how much cement, lime, and sand yous will demand to brand the mortar required for any building.

QUANTITIES OF MORTAR REQUIRED TO LAY 100 BLOCKS/BRICKS (Mortar for Joints 1cm Thick Including 25% Allowance for Waste)

Nominal Size of Blocks/Bricks (cm)	Cubic Meters of Mortar
ten ten thirteen,25 x thirty	.053
15 x 13,25 x 30	.053
20 x 13,25 x 30	.067
10 x 15 x 30	.065
fifteen x 15 x xxx	.065
20 x 15 x 30	.070
10 x twenty ten 30	.061
15 x twenty x 30	.061
20 x xx x xxx	.076
10 10 20 x 40	.073
15 x 20 x twoscore	.073
xx x xx x 40	.092
25 x 20 x 40	.092
30 x xx x forty	.092
fifteen x fifteen ten threescore	.092
20 x 15 x 60	.115
25 x 15 x 60	.115
xxx x 15 10 lx	.115

Reference tables for concrete construction

TABLE 1

Recommended	Thickness of Concrete Slabs (cm)
Basement floors for dwellings	x
Porch floors	10-12.5
Stock barn floors	12.5-15
Poultry firm floors	10
Hog house floors	10
Milk house floors	10
Granary floors	12.v
Implement shed floors	15
Tile floor bases	6.25

TABLE 2

Quantities of Materials Required to Build One Cubic Meter of Concrete (for Aggregates 2.5 Centimeters or Less)

Mixtures	Barrels of Cement	Cubic Meters of Sand	Cubic Meters of Stone
one:1:1�	3.56	.40	.sixty
1:ane:two	3.23	.36	.73
1:ane:2�	2.xc	.33	.81
i:1:three	2.64	.30	.89
1:1�:2	3.04	.43	.68
1:i�:3	2.44	.42	.84
ane:13/4:2	2.75	.54	.62
1:1 3/four:2�	2.64	.51	.67
ane: ane 3/4:2 3/four	ii.44	.47	.80
1:2:three	2.24	.50	.77
1:2:3�	2.07	.48	.83
1:2:4	1.95	.44	.88
i:two:5	one.73	.39	•97
one :ii�:2�	two.32	.59	.65
1 :2�:iii	2.eighteen	.55	.74
1 :2�:4	one.91	.48	.86
1:2�:5	i.68	.42	.94
1:2�:3	2.eleven	.59	.71
i :2�:3�	i.98	.56	.78
one:2�:4	1.82	.51	.82
i:2�:iv�	1.82	.48	.87
one:two�:5	1.62	.46	.91
i:two three/4 ;4	one.74	.54	.79
1:3:4	1.66	.56	.75
1:3:5	i.49	.51	.84
1:iii:six	i.36	.46	.92

TABLE 3

Book of Concrete Construction per Sack of Cement (for Aggregates Not Larger than two.5

Centimeters)

Concrete Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Concrete Per Sack of Cement	Concrete Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Concrete Per Sack of Cement
i:1:i�	.07	1:2�:two�	.10
ane:i:2	.08	ane:2�:iii	.12
1:i:two�	.09	1:2�:four	.xiii
1:ane:three	.x	one:2�:5	.15
i:i�:2	.08	1:two�:three	.12
i:1�:iii	.x	1:2�:3�	.13
1:one 3/4:2�	.10	1:2�:iv	.14
one:1 �:two�	.10	1:2�:four�	.xv
1:1 three/4:2 iii/4	.10	one:2�:5a	.fifteen
1:ii:three	.11	1:ii:three/four:4	.14
1:two:3�	.12	one:3:four	.xiv
1:2:four	.thirteen	1:3:five	.17
one:2:5	.xiv	1:three:6	.18

TABLE iv

Suitable Mixtures for Diverse Concrete Structure Projects

	Concrete Mixture
Floors
. One Class	1:one iii/4:four
. Heavy Duty, Ane Class	ane:1:2
. Farm Buildings	ane:2�:3
Foundation Walls and Footings	1:ii three/four:four
Basement Walls	i:2�:4
Tanks	1:2:three
Fence Posts	i:1:1�
Retaining Walls	one:2:three�
Barnyard Pavements	1:three:5
Lintels	one:ii:4
Beam Filling	one:3:4
Silo Pits	1:two�:three
Steps	1:2�:3

TABLE v

Approximate Number of Bricks Required to Build 10 Square Meters of Exterior Wall Surface

(Mortar joints ane.25cm thick)

Wall Thickness (cm)	(Nominal) Size of Brick (cm)
	6.5 10 10 10 20	7.5 x 10 x 20	x x 10 x twenty	5.6 ten 9.4 10 20
10	730	650	485	665
xx	1455	1300	970	1330
30	2075	1950	1455	1995
40	2910	2600	1940	2660

TABLE 6

Mortar Required to Lay chiliad Bricks With i.25cm Mortar Joints (ten% Allowance for Waste matter Included)

NOMINAL SIZE OF BRICK: 10cm x half dozen.5cm x 20cm 10cm x seven.5cm ten 20cm 10cm ten 10cm x 20m

WALL THICKNESS

10cm*	.32 cu. meters	.33 cu. meters	.36 cu. meters
20cm	.42 cu. meters	.44 cu. meters	.l cu. meters
30cm**	.45 cu. meters	.47 cu. meters	.55 cu. meters

* Figures for 10cm thick walls include mortar for bed and terminate Joints only.

** Figures for 20cm and 30cm thick walls include bed and end joint mortar plus mortar for the vertical joints needed in double brick walls.

Tabular array 7

Materials Required To Make 0,10 Cubic Meters of Mortar

Mortar Mixtures Past Volume 1 function cement	50kg Sacks of Cement	25kg Sacks of Hydrated Lime or Clay Mortar	Cubic Meters of Sand
� function dirt mortar	9.79	4.11	0.75
3 parts sand
i part cement
� part hydrated lime	7.93	1.33	0.64
3 parts sand
one office cement
1 role hydrated lime	four.23	2.89	0.69
6 parts sand
1 office masonry cement	8.73		0.68
3 parts sand

Metric measurements used in this transmission and their U.S. equivalents

LENGTH

1 meter (thousand) = 39.37 inches = iii.28 anxiety = 1.31 yards

1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meters = 0.3937 inches

1 foot = 0.3048 meters

1 yard = 0.9144 meters

one inch = 2.54 centimeters

Expanse

1 square meter = ten.76 square feet

(sq. m)

one square foot = 0.3048 sg. Meters = 929 sq. centimeters

Volume

i cubic meter = ane.308 cubic yards

(cu. chiliad)

i cubic yard = 0.7646 cu. meters

WEIGHT

i kilogram (kg) = two.2046 pounds

1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms

Sources of further information

Note: Wherever possible, the address through which copies of the post-obit sources may be obtained has been listed. Several manuals are unpublished material that may but be found in Peace Corps files. Questions virtually these materials should be sent to:

Peace Corps

Information Drove & Exchange

806 Connecticut Avenue, Due north.W.

Washington, D.C. 20525

USA

BAMBOO:

1. McClure, F.A., Bamboo every bit a Edifice Material. U.Southward. Dept. of Agriculture, Strange Agronomics Service, 1970. Write to:

Dept. of Housing and Urban Affairs

Division of International Affairs

Washington, D.C. 20410 USA

2. United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Diplomacy. The Use of Bamboo and Reeds in Building Construction. Publication ST/SOA/113. Refer to sales # E.72.IV.three and write to:

United Nations Sales Section

New York, New York USA

CONCRETE Structure AND REINFORCED Concrete COLUMNS:

3. Brann, Donald R. Concrete Work Simplified, Revised Edition, Directions Simplified, Inc., 1971. Write to:

Directions Simplified, Inc.

Easi-Build Blueprint Co., Inc.

529 North State Route

Briarcliff Estate, New York 10510 USA

4. Dalzell, James Ralph and Gilbert Townsend. Concrete Block Construction for Domicile and Farm. American Technical Society, Chicago, 1957. Write to:

American Technical Club

5608 Stony Island Avenue

Chicago, Illinois 60637 United states of america

5. Davies, John Duncan. Structural Concrete. MacMillan and Co., New York, 1964. Write to:

MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.

Riverside, New Jersey 08075 The states

half dozen. Gibson, J. Herbert. Physical Design and Construction. American Technical Lodge, Chicago, 1951. Write to same address as #four on page 226.

7. Putnam, Robert. Concrete Block Construction, 3rd Edition. American Technical Guild, Chicago, 1973. Write to same accost as #four on page 226.

eight. Randall, Frank A. Jr. and William C. Panarese. Physical Masonry Handbook. Portland Cement Association, 1976. Write to:

Portland Cement Association

Quondam Orchard Route

Skokie, Illinois 60076 United states

9. Waddell, Joseph J. Concrete Construction Handbook, 2nd Edition, McGraw Colina Co., New York, 1974. Write to:

McGraw Loma Volume Co.

1221 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10036 USA

10. Winter, George. Design of Concrete Structures, 8th Edition. McGraw Colina Co., New York 1972. Write to same accost as #9 above.

FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGNS:

11. Brann, Donald R. Forms, Footings, Foundations, Framing. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1974. Write to same accost as #3, folio 226.

12. Carson, Arthur Brinton. Foundation Construction. McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1965. Write to same address as #9 to a higher place.

13. Chellis, Robert Dunning. Pile Foundations, 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1961. Write to same address equally #ix above.

14. Ulrey, Harry R. Carpenters and Builders Library: Layouts, Foundations, Framing. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to:

Bobb-Merrill Co. Inc.

4300 Due west 62nd Street

Indiannapolis, Indiana 46268 USA

BLOCK AND BRICK CONSTRUCTION {MASONRY):

15. Boudreau, Eugene H. Making the Adobe Brick. Fifth-Street Press, New York, 1971. Write to:

Bookworks

Random House, Inc.

457 Hahn Road

Westminster, Maryland 21157 USA

16. Busch, Lawrence. Construction With Pressed Earth Block (Togo). Peace Corps: write to address on elevation of page 226.

17. Dalzell, J. Ralph. Simplified Masonry Planning and Building. McGraw Hill, New York, 1953. Write to aforementioned address as #9 above.

xviii. Dixon, Michael. Field Manual for Production of Bricks in a Rural Surface area (Pakistan). Peace Corps: write to address on top of page 226.

xix. Frankly, Lee. The Masonry Business firm: Footstep-past-Step Construction in Tile and Brick. Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York, 1950. No accost available.

20. Ray, J. Edgar. Revised by Harold V. Johnson. The Art of Bricklaying. Charles A. Bennett Co., 1971. Write to:

Charles A. Bennett Co., Inc.

809 Due west Detweiller Bulldoze

Peoria, Illinois 61614 U.s.a.

21. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Building With Adobe and Stabilized Earth Blocks. Dept. of Agriculture Leaflet No. 2535. Write to U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Independence Artery, Washington, D.C. N.W. USA

Wood-FRAME CONSTRUCTION:

22. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. How to Build a Wood-Frame House. Dover Press, 1973. (Reissue of the revised 1970 Edition of the U.S. Dept. of Agronomics Handbook No. 73, originally pulbished by Government Press Office under the championship of Woods-Frame Business firm Construction.) Write to same address as #21 above, or to:

Dover Publications, Inc.

180 Varick Streeet

New York, New York 10014 USA

23. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. Low-Cost Wood Homes for Rural America: Construction Manual. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Handbook No. 364. Write to same address equally #21 above.

24. Blackburn, Graham. Illustrated Housebuilding. Overlook Press, 1974. Write to:

Overlook Printing

c/o Viking Printing

625 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10022 U.s.

25. Brann, Donald R. How to Build an Addition. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1975. Write to aforementioned address every bit #three, page 226.

LATRINES:

26. Karlin, Barry. Thailand'southward H2o-Seal Privy Plan: A Procedural and Technical Review. UsO.M., Korat, Thailand. Write to the Peace Corps at the address on top of page 226, or to the author at:

American Public Health Association

1015 18th Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. Usa

27. Wagner, Edmund Thousand. and J.Northward. Lanoix. Excreta Disposal for Rural Areas and Small Communities. World Wellness System, Geneva, 1958. Write to:

Q Corporation

49 Sheridan Avenue

Albany New York, 12210

Arrangement AND Direction OF SELF-Assist Construction GROUPS:

28. Peace Corps (Jamaica). Transmission for Supervising Self-Help Dwelling house Construction with Stablilized Globe Blocks. Write to address on top of page 226.

29. Warner, Jack R. Handbook of Structure: Peace Corps Grooming Transmission. Longmans Dark-green and Co., London. Write to address on top of page 226.

ESTIMATING Structure MATERIALS AND COSTS:.

thirty. Cooper, F. Building Construction Estimating. McGraw Colina Co., 1959. Write to same address as #9 on page 227.

General Construction

31. Alcock, A.E.S. and Richards. How to Build: Setting Out. Longmans Co., London, 1960. Write to:

Longmans, Inc.

19 Due west 44th Street

Suite 1012

New York, New York 10036 Usa

32. Due east Pakistan (Bangladesh) Public Works. Building Design Manual. Dacca, 1965. Write to address on top of page 226.

33. Fullerton, Richard 50. Building Construction in Warm Climates, Volumes 1 and 2. Oxford Tropical Handbooks, Oxford University Press, London, 1967. Write to:

Oxford University Printing, Inc.

200 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10016 USA

34. Intermediate Engineering Group. Intermediate Technology Series: Manual on Edifice Construction. Parnell Business firm, London. Write to:

Intermediate Technology Group

Parnell House

London, ENGLAND

35. Peace Corps (Togo). Structure Handbook: In-Land Training. Peace Corps, 1974. Write to address on acme of folio 226.

36. Ulrey, Harry F. Carpenters and Builders Library: Tools, Steel Foursquare, Joinery. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to aforementioned address as #fourteen, page 227.

37. U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Function of International Affairs. Como Fabricar Una Casa Usanda. Tecnica Ayuda Propia. Regime Printing Office, 1974. Write to aforementioned address as #1, page 226, or to:

U.Southward. Authorities Press Office

North Capitol Street, N.Westward.

Washington, D.C. USA

''Man measuring pieces'' for designing room size and floor program

Human measuring pieces
Man measuring pieces - go along ane
Human being measuring pieces - continue 2
Planning pieces

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